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What is copper accumulation (copper-associated hepatopathy)?

Copper accumulation, also known as copper-associated hepatopathy, is a liver disease in dogs in which copper accumulates in the liver. This can lead to serious liver damage. It occurs more frequently in breeds such as the Labrador Retriever, Doberman Pinscher, Bedlington Terrier, and West Highland White Terrier.

Why does copper accumulation occur?

• Copper accumulation occurs when a dog ingests more copper than necessary through its diet and is sensitive to it. For the vast majority of dogs, this is not the case.
• Since the 1990s, copper chelates have been used instead of copper oxide. These are absorbed more efficiently, which increases the risk of accumulation. Consequently, sensitive breeds are at a higher risk of developing liver problems due to copper.

Prevention is better than cure

• Choose a diet with a low to normal amount of copper: approx. 5–15 mg per 1000 kcal. Sensitive dogs with copper accumulation (copper-associated hepatopathy) fare better on diets with approximately 1.2–1.3 mg of copper per 1000 kcal.

Symptoms of copper-associated hepatopathy

• Reduced appetite
• Weight loss
• Lethargy
• Jaundice (yellow discoloration of skin and eyes)
• Enlarged liver

Treatment and diet

Treatment consists of a combination of medication and dietary management:

• Medication: D-penicillamine (removes copper via urine), zinc (reduces absorption), antioxidants, and vitamin E. Consult your veterinarian.
• Diet: special dog food with a very low copper content. These contain approx. 1.2–1.3 mg of copper per 1000 kcal, significantly lower than standard feed. Consult your veterinarian.

Homemade diet for liver problems

For dogs that refuse commercial feed, a veterinarian can formulate a low-copper diet. Important guidelines:

• Avoid organ meats, shellfish, mushrooms, and leafy green vegetables.
• Use lean meat (beef, chicken, or salmon) combined with white rice or couscous.
• Add a supplement to prevent deficiencies.

TIP: The trade journal De Molenaar reports, based on research by prof. dr. dr. hc. Anton Beynen, that current copper limits in dog food are (often) too high, which can lead to chronic copper accumulation and liver problems. Analysis shows that BF®Petfood kibble does not carry an increased risk, is safe, and comfortably meets the recommended reduced copper values. More information can be found here.

Summary

Our kibble for dogs contains 5 mg of copper per 1000 kcal. Lamb & Rice, Pressed Salmon, and Adult Mini contain 15 mg of copper per 1000 kcal, which is fine for dogs that are not sensitive and do not suffer from copper accumulation.

With the right treatment and a low-copper diet, a dog with copper-associated hepatopathy can often maintain a good quality of life for many years. Early diagnosis and consistent dietary adjustment are crucial.

For more information, email: info@bfpetfood.nl or use the contact page.